What is artificial intelligence? And How It works?

 What is artificial intelligence? And How it works?

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Have you ever considered that smartphones, which are currently very important to us, may become obsolete in the next ten years and be replaced with VR (Virtual Reality)? Or instead of personal computers, we might have personal robots if machines could become intelligent and think like humans?

Yes, all of this may be achievable in the coming future or can I say we are already living in the era of Artificial Intelligence. We are rapidly approaching techno paradise thanks to the Machine Learning and AI revolutions!

Moreover, with all of the excitement and hype surrounding AI that is "just around the corner"—self-driving cars, fast machine translation, and many more might be difficult to understand how AI is influencing the lives of ordinary people daily.

Thus, can you think of any examples of artificial intelligence that you're now implementing? But before that,

WHAT IS AI (Artificial Intelligence)?

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is a vast field of computer science that focuses on creating intelligent machines that can accomplish activities that would normally need human intelligence. Although AI is a multidisciplinary discipline with many methodologies, advances in machine learning and deep learning are causing a paradigm shift in nearly every sector of the IT industry.

How it all started?

Back in 1950, computer science pioneer Alan Turing addressed the idea, "What if machines learn?" In order to create an intelligent machine, he created the Turing Test. The examination was based on a Victorian-era sport known as the imitation game. At the time, Alan identified a probable AI horizon that few believed in or had ever envisaged.

However, only 5 years later, John McCarthy invented the concept "Artificial Intelligence" at the Dartmouth Conference, defining it as "the science and engineering of producing intelligent machines."

HOW DOES AI WORK?

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- Can machines think? — Alan Turing, 1950 

Less than a decade after breaking the Nazi encryption machine Enigma and helping the Allies win World War II, mathematician Alan Turing changed history for the second time with a simple question: "Can machines think?"

The core purpose and vision of artificial intelligence were set by Turing's paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" (1950) and its subsequent Turing Test. At its fundamental level, AI is a discipline of computer science whose objective is to answer yes to Turing's question. It is the goal of artificial intelligence developers to replicate or simulate human intellect in machines.

The significant fault in the concept of AI as "building intelligent machines" is that it fails to define artificial intelligence. What determines a machine as intelligent?

Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig addressed the subject in their pioneering textbook Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach by uniting their work around the idea of intelligent agents in machines according to this definition, AI is "the study of agents that receive percepts from the environment and execute actions."

Examples of Artificial Intelligence

• Google’s AI-Powered Predictions

Google Maps (Maps) can measure the speed of traffic movement at any given time using anonymized location data from cellphones. Maps can also more quickly incorporate user-reported traffic issues like construction and accidents, thanks to its acquisition of crowdsourced traffic software Waze in 2013.

• Commercial Flights Use an AI Autopilot

Commercial airline AI autopilots are a relatively early application of AI technology, going all the way back to 1914, depending on how loosely you define autopilot. According to the New York Times, a Boeing plane's average journey includes only seven minutes of human-steered flying, which is usually reserved primarily for takeoff and landing.

Glimpse into the future

Self-driving cars, that result in up to 90% fewer accidents, more efficient ride-sharing, which reduces the number of cars on the road by up to 75%, and smart traffic lights, which reduced wait times by 40% and overall travel time by 26% in a pilot study, are all examples of how AI will shorten your commute in the future.

BI Intelligence predicted that fully autonomous vehicles will debut in 2019, and as we know they are here; Andrew Ng, Chief Scientist at Baidu and Stanford faculty member, predicted in early 2016 that self-driving cars will be mass-produced by 2021.

• Spam Filters

Although it may appear that AI has no place in your email inbox, it is responsible for one of its most crucial features: the spam filter. Simple rules-based filters are ineffective against spam because spammers can quickly adjust their messages to work around them (e.g., “filter out communications with the words ‘online pharmacy' and ‘Nigerian prince' that come from unknown addresses”). Instead, spam filters must constantly learn from a range of signals, such as the message's text and metadata (where it was received from, who sent it, etc.).

• Smart Email Categorization

Gmail takes a similar method to categorizing your emails into primary, social, and promotion inboxes, as well as flagging essential emails. Google presents its machine learning methodology in a research paper titled "The Learning Behind Gmail Priority Inbox," noting "a substantial difference in user preferences for the number of critical messages...

As a result, customers will need to adjust their threshold manually. When a user consistently marks messages in the same direction, we increase their threshold in real-time. ” Gmail learns every time you flag an email as important.

Glimpse into the future

Is it possible for your inbox to respond to emails on your behalf? Google agrees, which is why it launched smart reply to Inbox, a next-generation email interface, in 2015. Smart Reply uses machine learning to offer three possible responses to the email. As of early 2016, smart replies were being sent to 10% of mobile Inbox users' emails.

The smart reply will be able to deliver increasingly complicated responses soon. With Allo, a new instant messaging service that uses smart replies to give both text and emoji responses, Google has already demonstrated its intentions in this area.

Social Networking

• Facebook

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When you upload pictures to Facebook, the system highlights faces and suggests people tag. How does it know who of your friends is on the shot so quickly? Face recognition on Facebook is driven by artificial intelligence.

According to an Emerj interview with Facebook's Hussein Mehanna, AI is also used to customize your newsfeed and ensure you view posts that are relevant to you. Showing advertising that is relevant to your interests is also of special business relevance to Facebook.

In June 2016, Facebook introduced DeepText, a text comprehension engine that, according to the corporation, "can analyze the textual content of several thousand postings per second, spanning more than 20 languages" with "near-human accuracy." 

• Instagram

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Instagram, which was acquired by Facebook in 2012, employs machine learning to recognize the context meaning of emoji, which have been progressively replacing slang (for example, a laughing emoji can replace "lol"). Instagram can develop and auto-suggest emoticons and emoji hashtags by algorithmically recognizing the sentiments underlying emojis.

Mobile Use

• Voice-to-Text

Voice-to-text is now a common feature on smartphones. You can start speaking by pushing a button or stating a certain phrase (“Ok Google,” for example), and your phone will convert the audio to text. Although accurate automated transcription is now a common operation, it was once beyond the capabilities of even the most modern computers.

• Smart Personal Assistants

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Voice-to-text technology has become the control interface for a new generation of smart personal assistants now that it is accurate enough to rely on for basic conversation. Simpler phone assistants such as Siri and Google Since (now replaced by the more complex Google Assistant) could perform online searches, set reminders, and link with your calendar in the original version.

Glimpse into the future

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The key to bridging the gap between humans and "smart" homes will be smart assistants. Google Home, a competitor to Amazon Echo, was launched in October 2016 and boasts tight connectivity with other Google products such as YouTube, Google Play Music, Nest, and Google Assistant.

Users can play music, ask natural language queries, get sports, news, and finance updates, summon an Uber, and set appointments and reminders with voice commands.

According to market research firm Consumer Intelligence Research Partners, Amazon had sold over 5 million Echo devices as of November 2016; however, Amazon's press release a month later boasted a 9x increase in Echo family sales over the previous year's holiday sales, implying that 5 million sold is an underestimation.

By spending a year building Jarvis, a replica of the super-intelligent AI assistant from Robert Downey Jr.'s Iron Man movies, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg demonstrated what is now possible. In a Facebook post, he explains how to link all of your household devices to one network.

Jarvis' preferences were taught such that it could play music and recognize friends at the entrance and let them in; Jarvis' text orders were issued via a Facebook message bot, and Jarvis' voice commands were issued via an iOS speech recognition software.

Reference List:

• A Glimpse into AI potential between today and tomorrow, by Sarah Mestiri(May 9, 2017),

https://towardsdatascience.com/a-glimpse-into-ai-potential-between-today-and-tomorrow-part-1-e73e28f394ce

 

• Everyday Examples of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, by Daniel Faggella(April 11.2020),

https://emerj.com/ai-sector-overviews/everyday-examples-of-ai/

 

• Glimpse into the world of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, by KloudData,

https://www.klouddata.com/world-of-machine-learning/

 

• Glimpses & Impressions: Strata Silicon Valley AI + ML Review - Part two, by Zhang Xiatian(July 2016),

https://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/07/silicon-valley-strata-ai-machine-learning-part-2.html

 

• Artificial Intelligence. What is Artificial Intelligence? How Does AI Work? By Builtin,

https://builtin.com/artificial-intelligence

 

• 20 Best AI Examples and Machine Learning Applications in Real World, by Mehedi Hasan,

https://www.ubuntupit.com/best-machine-learning-applications-in-real-world/

By AJEET SINGH,

I am Ajeet Singh possessing a year of experience in developing content for various blogs and websites. Leveraged passion for keeping up-to-date with developments in the digital and social media landscape helped me crave my path for coming up with better content. However, I am pursuing my Engineering in Computer Science. Also, I do have my own website(MYBOOKFLEX) where I put reviews of different kinds of books.